Reporters learned from the Municipal Medical University yesterday that the latest statistics on the incidence of childhood leukemia in urban areas just completed in the recent 20 years in the prevalent ward of the Municipal Cancer Seminar indicate that children aged 0 to 14 are at high risk of leukemia, among which children aged 0 to 4 have the highest mortality rate. Experts say that chemical poisons, drugs, smoking and drinking, electromagnetic radiation and air pollution are all possible factors contributing to the high incidence of childhood leukemia. Indoor air pollution caused by indoor decoration is the most important inducement. The more luxurious decoration is, the more likely children will suffer from leukemia.

　　近20年来本市市区居民白血病总发病率为4.71/10万，总死亡率为2.76/10万，均匀发病年龄为43.87岁，均匀死亡年龄为45.73岁；上世纪80年代血液病医院停止过白血病的盛行病学调查显现白血病发病率为3.5/10万，由此可见目前白血病的发病率呈现出上升趋向。近20年来，本市市区居民白血病类型主要为急性粒细胞性白血病，发病率为42.9%，其次为慢性粒细胞性、急性淋巴细胞性、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病；但在儿童中，急性淋巴细胞性白血病是常见的类型，占儿童全部白血病发病的3/4。

　　Over the past 20 years, the total incidence of leukemia in urban residents of this city has been 47.1/100,000, the total mortality rate is 27.76/100,000, the average age of onset is 43.87, and the average age of death is 45.73. The prevalence of leukemia in hematological hospitals in the 1980s showed that the incidence of leukemia was 35/100,000, which shows that the current incidence of leukemia is 3.5/100,000. Incidence rate showed an upward trend. In the past 20 years, the main types of leukemia in urban residents of this city are acute granulocytic leukemia (42.9%), followed by chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, among children, acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type, accounting for 3% of all childhood leukemia cases. /4.

　　由于儿童自身免疫系统不成熟，对很多外界毒物刺激又没有风险认识，因而目前白血病曾经成为儿童期发病率高的恶性肿瘤，约占儿童恶性肿瘤的50%左右。固然白血病发病缘由还尚未明了，病毒可能是主要的致病缘由之一，但还没有一种要素能充沛解释全部状况。因而医学揣测白血病的发作并非单一要素形成的，而是由多种要素综合惹起。儿童假如存在某种先天性的易感要素，再加上外界要素的作用，就可能引发白血病。容易引发白血病的要素有：农药、杀虫剂、汽油、煤油、装修资料等某些化学毒物；父母孕前或孕中服用剂、避孕药、抗肿瘤药物，吸烟饮酒；寓居地左近存在高功率电台、高压电线等电离、电磁辐射，父母经常接触X射线或在医院心内科介入室工作；寓居在工厂、加油站、交通要道左近，大气污染也容易形成儿童白血病；另外还有遗传要素，当家庭有一个成员发作白血病时，近亲发作白血病的几率比普通人高出4倍。

　　Because of the immaturity of children's autoimmune system and the lack of risk awareness of many external toxic stimuli, leukemia has become the most common malignant tumor in childhood, accounting for about 50% of children's malignant tumors. Although the cause of leukemia is still unknown, viruses may be one of the main causes of leukemia, but there is no one factor that can adequately explain the whole situation. Therefore, medical experts speculate that the onset of leukemia is not caused by a single factor, but by a combination of multiple factors. If children have some congenital susceptibility factors, coupled with the role of external factors, it may lead to leukemia. Some chemical poisons, such as pesticides, insecticides, gasoline, kerosene, decoration materials, are the main factors that easily cause leukemia. Parents take sedatives, contraceptives, antineoplastic drugs before or during pregnancy, smoke and drink alcohol. There are ionizing and electromagnetic radiation such as high-power radio and high-voltage wire near their residence, and their parents are often exposed to X-rays. Or work in the interventional room of the cardiology department of the hospital; live near the factory, gas station and main traffic road, air pollution is also prone to childhood leukemia; there are also genetic factors, when a family member has leukemia, the incidence of leukemia in close relatives is four times higher than that in ordinary people.

　　在引发儿童白血病的要素中，环境污染特别是室内环境污染是一个重要诱因，很多白血病患儿家中近期都曾经装修过，而且越是奢华装修越容易招致儿童患白血病。室内污染物主要为甲醛、苯、总挥发性有机物等，甲醛主要来源于装饰资料中的胶合板、细木工板、中密度纤维板和刨花板等人造板材，另外贴墙布、贴墙纸、化纤地毯、泡沫塑料、油漆、涂料、家具和地毯也含有甲醛并有可能向外界释放，高浓度的甲醛对免疫系统具有毒害；室内苯污染的来源主要是室外空气污染进入室内和室内装修资料中释放的挥发性有机化合物，长期接触低浓度苯能招致慢性苯中毒、再生障碍性贫血以白血病；总挥发性有机物主要来源于油漆、含水涂料、粘合剂等有机溶液，人造板、泡沫隔热资料、塑料板材等建筑资料，以及壁纸等室内装饰资料。目前以为总挥发性有机物能惹起机体免疫程度失调，严重时可损伤造血系统。

　　Among the factors causing childhood leukemia, environmental pollution, especially indoor environmental pollution, is an important inducement. Many children with leukemia have recently been decorated in their homes, and the more luxurious decoration, the more likely children to suffer from leukemia. Indoor pollutants are mainly formaldehyde, benzene, total volatile organic compounds, etc. Formaldehyde mainly comes from plywood, blockboard, medium density fiberboard and Particleboard in decoration materials. In addition, wall cloth, wallpaper, chemical fiber carpet, foam plastic, paint, paint, furniture and carpet also contain formaldehyde and have cocoa. High concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to immune system; indoor benzene pollution mainly comes from volatile organic compounds released from outdoor air pollution into indoor and indoor decoration materials; long-term exposure to low concentration of benzene can cause chronic benzene poisoning, aplastic anemia and leukemia; total volatility The main sources of such materials are organic materials such as paints, water-based coatings, adhesives, wood-based panels, foam insulation materials, plastic sheets and other building materials, as well as wallpaper and other interior decoration materials. At present, it is thought that total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can cause imbalance of immunity and damage hematopoietic system in severe cases.

　　因而表示，为了防止儿童白血病，父母在日常生活中应该留意本人的行为。不要过多地接触X射线和其他有害的放射线，从事放射线工作的人员要做好个人的防护，增强预防措施；运用药物时要当心慎重，必需有医生指导，切勿长期运用或滥用；装修房屋时要购置契合规范的资料，并尽量采用无污染或少污染的施工工艺；房子装修完成后不要急于让儿童入住，应该先请室内环境检测部门停止检测，听取的意见选择适宜的入住时间。

　　Therefore, experts say that in order to prevent childhood leukemia, parents should pay attention to their behavior in daily life. Do not expose too much to X-ray and other harmful radiation. Personnel engaged in radiation work should take personal protection and strengthen preventive measures. When using drugs, they should be careful and must have the guidance of doctors. They should not be used or abused for a long time. When decorating houses, they should purchase materials conforming to environmental protection standards and try their best to use pollution-free materials. The construction technology of dyeing or less pollution; after the house decoration is completed, do not rush to let children in, should first ask the indoor environment testing department to stop testing, listen to experts'opinions and choose the appropriate time to stay.